Albendazole
Encephalitozoonosis | Treatment (Toggle "Dosing Icon" for toxicity information)
Toxicity Concerns
Toxicity data in man and other species, and the availability of authorised veterinary products has led to Fenbendazole replacing Albendazole in most dosing protocols (Cristòfol et al., 1997; Dayan, 2003; Delatour et al., 1984; Graham et al., 2014; Teruel et al., 2003).
Therapeutics
Evidence Base
Rabbit Albendazole Evidence Base
Cai, Z.-Y., Galettis, P., Lu, Y., Morris, D.L., Pourgholami, M.H., 2007. Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in New Zealand white rabbits: oral versus intraperitoneal administration. Anticancer Res. 27, 417–422.
Deplazes, P., Mathis, A., Baumgartner, R., Tanner, I., Weber, R., 1996. Immunologic and Molecular Characteristics of Encephalitozoon-Like Microsporidia Isolated from Humans and Rabbits Indicate That Encephalitozoon cuniculi Is a Zoonotic Parasite. Clin Infect Dis 22, 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.3.557
Didier, E.S., Maddry, J.A., Kwong, C.D., Green, L.C., Snowden, K.F., Shadduck, J.A., 1998. Screening of compounds for antimicrosporidial activity in vitro. Folia Parasitol. 45, 129–139.
Erzurumlu, K., Ozdemir, M., Mihmanli, M., Cevikbaş, U., 1995. The effect of intraoperative mebendazole-albendazole applications on the hepatobiliary system. Eur Surg Res 27, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1159/000129418
Franssen, F.F., Lumeij, J.T., van Knapen, F., 1995. Susceptibility of Encephalitozoon cuniculi to several drugs in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 1265–1268. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.39.6.1265
Graham, J.E., Garner, M.M., Reavill, D.R., 2014. Benzimidazole Toxicosis in Rabbits: 13 Cases (2003 to 2011). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 23, 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2014.02.012
Harcourt-Brown, F.M., Holloway, H.K.R., 2003. Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits. Vet. Rec. 152, 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.14.427
Ivey, E.S., Morrisey, J.K., 2000. Therapeutics for rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 3, 183–220, vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30101-9
Kohri, N., Yamayoshi, Y., Xin, H., Iseki, K., Sato, N., Todo, S., Miyazaki, K., 1999. Improving the oral bioavailability of albendazole in rabbits by the solid dispersion technique. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357991772277
Künzel, F., Joachim, A., 2010. Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. Parasitol. Res. 106, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1679-3
Li, T., Qiao, G.L., Hu, G.Z., Meng, F.D., Qiu, Y.S., Zhang, X.Y., Guo, W.X., Yie, H.L., Li, S.F., Li, S.Y., 1995. Comparative plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics and drug residue profiles of different chemotherapeutants in fowls and rabbits. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 18, 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00590.x
Weiss, L.M., Michalakakis, E., Coyle, C.M., Tanowitz, H.B., Wittner, M., 1994. The in vitro activity of albendazole against Encephalitozoon cuniculi. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 41, 65S.
Rabbit EC1 Infection
Deplazes, P., Mathis, A., Baumgartner, R., Tanner, I., Weber, R., 1996. Immunologic and Molecular Characteristics of Encephalitozoon-Like Microsporidia Isolated from Humans and Rabbits Indicate That Encephalitozoon cuniculi Is a Zoonotic Parasite. Clin Infect Dis 22, 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.3.557
Franssen, F.F., Lumeij, J.T., van Knapen, F., 1995. Susceptibility of Encephalitozoon cuniculi to several drugs in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 1265–1268. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.39.6.1265
Harcourt-Brown, F.M., Holloway, H.K.R., 2003. Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits. Vet. Rec. 152, 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.14.427
Ivey, E.S., Morrisey, J.K., 2000. Therapeutics for rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 3, 183–220, vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30101-9
Künzel, F., Joachim, A., 2010. Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. Parasitol. Res. 106, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1679-3
Weiss, L.M., Michalakakis, E., Coyle, C.M., Tanowitz, H.B., Wittner, M., 1994. The in vitro activity of albendazole against Encephalitozoon cuniculi. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 41, 65S.
Albendazole Rabbit Pharmacology
Cai, Z.-Y., Galettis, P., Lu, Y., Morris, D.L., Pourgholami, M.H., 2007. Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in New Zealand white rabbits: oral versus intraperitoneal administration. Anticancer Res. 27, 417–422.
Didier, E.S., Maddry, J.A., Kwong, C.D., Green, L.C., Snowden, K.F., Shadduck, J.A., 1998. Screening of compounds for antimicrosporidial activity in vitro. Folia Parasitol. 45, 129–139.
Erzurumlu, K., Ozdemir, M., Mihmanli, M., Cevikbaş, U., 1995. The effect of intraoperative mebendazole-albendazole applications on the hepatobiliary system. Eur Surg Res 27, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1159/000129418
Kohri, N., Yamayoshi, Y., Xin, H., Iseki, K., Sato, N., Todo, S., Miyazaki, K., 1999. Improving the oral bioavailability of albendazole in rabbits by the solid dispersion technique. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357991772277
Li, T., Qiao, G.L., Hu, G.Z., Meng, F.D., Qiu, Y.S., Zhang, X.Y., Guo, W.X., Yie, H.L., Li, S.F., Li, S.Y., 1995. Comparative plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics and drug residue profiles of different chemotherapeutants in fowls and rabbits. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 18, 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00590.x
Albendazole Toxicity
Cristòfol, C., Navarro, M., Franquelo, C., Valladares, J.E., Carretero, A., Ruberte, J., Arboix, M., 1997. Disposition of netobimin, albendazole, and its metabolites in the pregnant rat: developmental toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 144, 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1997.8114
Dayan, A.D., 2003. Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel. Review of non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Acta Trop 86, 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00031-7
Delatour, P., Garnier, F., Benoit, E., Longin, C., 1984. A correlation of toxicity of albendazole and oxfendazole with their free metabolites and bound residues. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 7, 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1984.tb00890.x
Graham, J.E., Garner, M.M., Reavill, D.R., 2014. Benzimidazole Toxicosis in Rabbits: 13 Cases (2003 to 2011). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 23, 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2014.02.012
Teruel, M.T., Felipe, A.E., Solana, H.D., Sallovitz, J.M., Lanusse, C.E., 2003. Placental and fetal toxicity of albendazole sulphoxide in Wistar rats. Vet Hum Toxicol 45, 131–136.
Expert Opinion
1317822* | 220805 Extrapolation of pharmacological properties in man and veterinary species. Some material employed in collating the data displayed here was taken from veterinary product datasheets or extrapolated from pharmacology texts.
Last Updated by 1317822 | on 221017