Select Dataset
Lidocaine
Venepuncture Analgesia
V-GRADE
This area explains how the V-Grade displayed for this monograph was calculated and, therefore, the robustness of these recommendations.
Lidocaine
Venepuncture Analgesia
Marginal Ear Vein
Pain response is often associated with venipuncture of the ear, which is reduced by topical application of a local anaesthetic cream containing 2.5% prilocaine and 2.5% lidocaine (Flecknell et al., 1990; Gardhouse and Sanchez, 2022; Keating et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2022).
45 to 60 minutes before anticipated venipuncture, a commercial human cream (“EMLA Cream 5% (5g pack) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc),” n.d.)) is applied over the venipuncture site and covered with an occlusive dressing or cling film (Carpenter, 2022; Plumb, 2024; Quesenberry, 2021; Varga-Smith, 2022)..
Therapeutics
Evidence
Venepuncture Analgesia
Flecknell, P.A., Liles, J.H., Williamson, H.A., 1990. The use of lignocaine-prilocaine local anaesthetic cream for pain-free venepuncture in laboratory animals. Lab Anim 24, 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367790780890121
Gardhouse, S., Sanchez, A., 2022. Rabbit Sedation and Anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 25, 181–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2021.08.012
Keating, S.C.J., Thomas, A.A., Flecknell, P.A., Leach, M.C., 2012. Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits: Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses. PLOS ONE 7, e44437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044437
Miller, A.L., Clarkson, J.M., Quigley, C., Neville, V., Krall, C., Geijer-Simpson, A., Flecknell, P.A., Leach, M.C., 2022. Evaluating Pain and Analgesia Effectiveness Following Routine Castration in Rabbits Using Behavior and Facial Expressions. Front Vet Sci 9, 782486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.782486
Supplementary Information
1 UK SPC Links
EMLA Cream 5% (5g pack) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc) [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/871/smpc (accessed 2.11.24).
2 Additional Material Consulted
Carpenter, J., 2022. Carpenter’s Exotic Animal Formulary - 6th Edition [WWW Document]. URL https://shop.elsevier.com/books/carpenters-exotic-animal-formulary/carpenter/978-0-323-83392-9 (accessed 2.11.24).
Plumb, 2024. Lidocaine/Lidocaine Combinations, Topical [WWW Document]. URL https://app.plumbs.com/drug/3nKfkkEknXPROD?source=search&searchQuery=lidocaine (accessed 2.11.24).
Quesenberry, K.E. (Ed.), 2021. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery, Fourth edition. ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
Varga-Smith, M., 2022. Textbook of Rabbit Medicine - 9780702084034 | Elsevier Health [WWW Document]. Elsevier UK. URL https://www.uk.elsevierhealth.com/textbook-of-rabbit-medicine-9780702084034.html (accessed 1.23.24).
Monograph Details
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