Midazolam

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Bozkurt, P., Tunali, Y., Kaya, G., Okar, I., 1997. Histological changes following epidural injection of midazolam in the neonatal rabbit. Paediatr Anaesth 7, 385–389. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-107.x
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Calvo, R., Suárez, E., Rodríguez-Sasiain, J.M., Martínez, I., 1992. The influence of renal failure on the kinetics of intravenous midazolam: an “in vitro” and “in vivo” study. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 78, 311–320.
Cardoso, C.G., Ayer, I.M., Jorge, A.T., Honsho, C.S., Mattos-Junior, E., 2020. A comparative study of the cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of a single intramuscular dose of ketamine anesthetic combinations in rabbits. Res Vet Sci 128, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.11.016
Chen, J., Yu, T., Longhini, F., Zhang, X., Liu, S., Liu, L., Yang, Y., Qiu, H., 2018. Midazolam increases preload dependency during endotoxic shock in rabbits by affecting venous vascular tone. Ann Intensive Care 8, 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-018-0403-9
Crawford, M.E., Jensen, F.M., Toftdahl, D.B., Madsen, J.B., 1993. Direct spinal effect of intrathecal and extradural midazolam on visceral noxious stimulation in rabbits. Br J Anaesth 70, 642–646. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/70.6.642
Demirel, E., Ugur, H.C., Dolgun, H., Kahilogullari, G., Sargon, M.E., Egemen, N., Kecik, Y., 2006. The neurotoxic effects of intrathecal midazolam and neostigmine in rabbits. Anaesth Intensive Care 34, 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X0603400204
Dupras, J., Vachon, P., Cuvelliez, S., Blais, D., 2001. [Anesthesia of the New Zealand rabbit using the the combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and ketamine-midazolam with or without xylazine]. Can Vet J 42, 455–460.
Elbarbry, F., Attia, A., Shoker, A., 2009. Validation of a new HPLC method for determination of midazolam and its metabolites: application to determine its pharmacokinetics in human and measure hepatic CYP3A activity in rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Anal 50, 987–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.004
Engbers, S., Larkin, A., Rousset, N., Prebble, M., Jonnalagadda, M., Knight, C.G., Pang, D.S.J., 2017. Comparison of a Supraglottic Airway Device (v-gel®) with Blind Orotracheal Intubation in Rabbits. Front Vet Sci 4, 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00049
Erdine, S., Yücel, A., Ozyalçin, S., Ozyuvaci, E., Talu, G.K., Ahiskali, B., Apak, H., Savci, N., 1999. Neurotoxicity of midazolam in the rabbit. Pain 80, 419–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00240-1
Flecknell, P.A., Liles, J.H., Wootton, R., 1989. Reversal of fentanyl/fluanisone neuroleptanalgesia in the rabbit using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids. Lab Anim 23, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367789780863655
Flecknell, P.A., Mitchell, M., 1984. Midazolam and fentanyl-fluanisone: assessment of anaesthetic effects in laboratory rodents and rabbits. Lab Anim 18, 143–146. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367784780891406
Fontes-Sousa, A.P., Moura, C., Carneiro, C.S., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Areias, J.C., Leite-Moreira, A.F., 2009. Echocardiographic evaluation including tissue Doppler imaging in New Zealand white rabbits sedated with ketamine and midazolam. Vet J 181, 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.02.022
Freitag, F.A.V., Ferreira, A.A., Teixeira, W.T., Kerr, C.L., Duque, J.C.M., 2022. Sedative effects of an intramuscular or intranasal combination of sufentanil and midazolam in New Zealand White rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg S1467-2987(22)00072–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2022.04.006
Giuliani, E., Manenti, A., Barbieri, A., Farinetti, A., Mattioli, A.V., 2018. Propofol: a safe anaesthetic drug in experimental cardiac surgery in rabbits. Ann Ital Chir 89, 92–94.
Grint, N.J., Murison, P.J., 2008. A comparison of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-medetomidine combinations for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 35, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00362.x
Grint, N.J., Murison, P.J., 2007. Peri-operative body temperatures in isoflurane-anaesthetized rabbits following ketamine-midazolam or ketamine-medetomidine. Vet Anaesth Analg 34, 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00319.x
Hedenqvist, P., Edner, A., Fahlman, Å., Jensen-Waern, M., 2013. Continuous intravenous anaesthesia with sufentanil and midazolam in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits. BMC Vet Res 9, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-21
Hedenqvist, P., Edner, A., Jensen-Waern, M., 2014. Anaesthesia in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits: a comparison between intravenous sufentanil-midazolam and isoflurane anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery. Lab Anim 48, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677213516311
Hedenqvist, P., Jensen-Waern, M., Fahlman, Å., Hagman, R., Edner, A., 2015. Intravenous sufentanil-midazolam versus sevoflurane anaesthesia in medetomidine pre-medicated Himalayan rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 42, 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12207
Henke, J., Astner, S., Brill, T., Eissner, B., Busch, R., Erhardt, W., 2005. Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 32, 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00242.x
Hexeberg, E., Hexeberg, S., Hessevik, I., Fosse, R.T., 1995. Midazolam in combination with fentanyl/fluanisone and nitrous oxide as anaesthesia in rabbits--cardiovascular parameters. Lab Anim 29, 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367795780740069
Hyatt, J., Coro, C., Bergman, S.A., Wynn, R.L., 1989. Effects of midazolam on fentanyl antinociception and respiration in a rabbit model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47, 1298–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(89)90728-3
Jaček, M., Matějčková, J., Málek, J., Hess, L., Samcová, E., 2013. Determination of midazolam in rabbit plasma by GC and LC following nasal and ocular administration. J Sep Sci 36, 3366–3371. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300401
Kim, C., Shvarev, Y., Takeda, S., Sakamoto, A., Lindahl, S.G.E., Eriksson, L.I., 2006. Midazolam depresses carotid body chemoreceptor activity. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 50, 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00896.x
Kirihara, Y., Takechi, M., Kurosaki, K., Matsuo, H., Kajitani, N., Saito, Y., 2019. Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits. Exp Anim 68, 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.18-0183
Ko, J.C., Thurmon, J.C., Tranquilli, W.J., Benson, G.J., Olson, W.A., 1992. A comparison of medetomidine-propofol and medetomidine-midazolam-propofol anesthesia in rabbits. Lab Anim Sci 42, 503–507.
Kohjitani, A., Miyawaki, T., Funahashi, M., Higuchi, H., Matsuo, R., Shimada, M., 2003. Ketamine and midazolam differentially inhibit nonadrenergic noncholinergic lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in rabbits: role of superoxide anion and nitric oxide synthase. Anesthesiology 98, 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200302000-00026
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Ma, D., Sapsed-Byrne, S.M., Chakrabarti, M.K., Whitwam, J.G., 1998. Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 42, 670–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05300.x
Malinovsky, J.M., Cozian, A., Lepage, J.Y., Mussini, J.M., Pinaud, M., Souron, R., 1991. Ketamine and midazolam neurotoxicity in the rabbit. Anesthesiology 75, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199107000-00015
Marques, A.E.G.W., Marques, M.G., Silveira, B.C.R., Oliveira, S.P., Ferraz, I.G., Ventricci, A.B.G., Silva, N.C., Nagata, W.B., Floriano, B.P., Ferreira, W.L., Santos, P.S.P., 2020. Lidocaine administered at a continuous rate infusion does not impair left ventricular systolic and diastolic function of healthy rabbits sedated with midazolam. Vet Anim Sci 10, 100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2020.100151
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Expert Opinion

McArthur, S., D., J. (2022) | 220802 Extrapolation of pharmacological properties in man and veterinary species. Some material employed in collating the data displayed here was taken from veterinary product datasheets or extrapolated from pharmacology texts.

Last Update | 220802

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Midazolam | Alfaxalone Options

Midazolam | Medetomidine Options

Midazolam | Ketamine Options

Midazolam | Opiate Options

Midazolam | Propofol Options

Midazolam | Xylazine Options

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